moonbeam_rpc_debug/

lib.rs

// Copyright 2019-2025 PureStake Inc.
// This file is part of Moonbeam.

// Moonbeam is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.

// Moonbeam is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.

// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with Moonbeam.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
use futures::StreamExt;
use jsonrpsee::core::{async_trait, RpcResult};
pub use moonbeam_rpc_core_debug::{DebugServer, TraceCallParams, TraceParams};

use tokio::{
    self,
    sync::{oneshot, Semaphore},
};

use ethereum;
use ethereum_types::H256;
use fc_rpc::{frontier_backend_client, internal_err};
use fc_storage::StorageOverride;
use fp_rpc::EthereumRuntimeRPCApi;
use moonbeam_client_evm_tracing::formatters::call_tracer::CallTracerInner;
use moonbeam_client_evm_tracing::types::block;
use moonbeam_client_evm_tracing::types::block::BlockTransactionTrace;
use moonbeam_client_evm_tracing::types::single::TransactionTrace;
use moonbeam_client_evm_tracing::{formatters::ResponseFormatter, types::single};
use moonbeam_rpc_core_types::{RequestBlockId, RequestBlockTag};
use moonbeam_rpc_primitives_debug::{DebugRuntimeApi, TracerInput};
use sc_client_api::backend::{Backend, StateBackend, StorageProvider};
use sc_utils::mpsc::TracingUnboundedSender;
use sp_api::{ApiExt, Core, ProvideRuntimeApi};
use sp_block_builder::BlockBuilder;
use sp_blockchain::{
    Backend as BlockchainBackend, Error as BlockChainError, HeaderBackend, HeaderMetadata,
};
use sp_core::H160;
use sp_runtime::{
    generic::BlockId,
    traits::{BlakeTwo256, Block as BlockT, Header as HeaderT, UniqueSaturatedInto},
};
use std::collections::BTreeMap;
use std::{future::Future, marker::PhantomData, sync::Arc};

pub enum RequesterInput {
    Call((RequestBlockId, TraceCallParams)),
    Transaction(H256),
    Block(RequestBlockId),
}

pub enum Response {
    Single(single::TransactionTrace),
    Block(Vec<block::BlockTransactionTrace>),
}

pub type Responder = oneshot::Sender<RpcResult<Response>>;
pub type DebugRequester =
    TracingUnboundedSender<((RequesterInput, Option<TraceParams>), Responder)>;

pub struct Debug {
    pub requester: DebugRequester,
}

impl Debug {
    pub fn new(requester: DebugRequester) -> Self {
        Self { requester }
    }
}

#[async_trait]
impl DebugServer for Debug {
    /// Handler for `debug_traceTransaction` request. Communicates with the service-defined task
    /// using channels.
    async fn trace_transaction(
        &self,
        transaction_hash: H256,
        params: Option<TraceParams>,
    ) -> RpcResult<single::TransactionTrace> {
        let requester = self.requester.clone();

        let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();
        // Send a message from the rpc handler to the service level task.
        requester
            .unbounded_send(((RequesterInput::Transaction(transaction_hash), params), tx))
            .map_err(|err| {
                internal_err(format!(
                    "failed to send request to debug service : {:?}",
                    err
                ))
            })?;

        // Receive a message from the service level task and send the rpc response.
        rx.await
            .map_err(|err| internal_err(format!("debug service dropped the channel : {:?}", err)))?
            .map(|res| match res {
                Response::Single(res) => res,
                _ => unreachable!(),
            })
    }

    async fn trace_block(
        &self,
        id: RequestBlockId,
        params: Option<TraceParams>,
    ) -> RpcResult<Vec<BlockTransactionTrace>> {
        let requester = self.requester.clone();

        let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();
        // Send a message from the rpc handler to the service level task.
        requester
            .unbounded_send(((RequesterInput::Block(id), params), tx))
            .map_err(|err| {
                internal_err(format!(
                    "failed to send request to debug service : {:?}",
                    err
                ))
            })?;

        // Receive a message from the service level task and send the rpc response.
        rx.await
            .map_err(|err| internal_err(format!("debug service dropped the channel : {:?}", err)))?
            .map(|res| match res {
                Response::Block(res) => res,
                _ => unreachable!(),
            })
    }

    /// Handler for `debug_traceCall` request. Communicates with the service-defined task
    /// using channels.
    async fn trace_call(
        &self,
        call_params: TraceCallParams,
        id: RequestBlockId,
        params: Option<TraceParams>,
    ) -> RpcResult<single::TransactionTrace> {
        let requester = self.requester.clone();

        let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();
        // Send a message from the rpc handler to the service level task.
        requester
            .unbounded_send(((RequesterInput::Call((id, call_params)), params), tx))
            .map_err(|err| {
                internal_err(format!(
                    "failed to send request to debug service : {:?}",
                    err
                ))
            })?;

        // Receive a message from the service level task and send the rpc response.
        rx.await
            .map_err(|err| internal_err(format!("debug service dropped the channel : {:?}", err)))?
            .map(|res| match res {
                Response::Single(res) => res,
                _ => unreachable!(),
            })
    }
}

pub struct DebugHandler<B: BlockT, C, BE>(PhantomData<(B, C, BE)>);

impl<B, C, BE> DebugHandler<B, C, BE>
where
    BE: Backend<B> + 'static,
    BE::State: StateBackend<BlakeTwo256>,
    C: ProvideRuntimeApi<B>,
    C: StorageProvider<B, BE>,
    C: HeaderMetadata<B, Error = BlockChainError> + HeaderBackend<B>,
    C: Send + Sync + 'static,
    B: BlockT<Hash = H256> + Send + Sync + 'static,
    C::Api: BlockBuilder<B>,
    C::Api: DebugRuntimeApi<B>,
    C::Api: EthereumRuntimeRPCApi<B>,
    C::Api: ApiExt<B>,
{
    /// Task spawned at service level that listens for messages on the rpc channel and spawns
    /// blocking tasks using a permit pool.
    pub fn task(
        client: Arc<C>,
        backend: Arc<BE>,
        frontier_backend: Arc<dyn fc_api::Backend<B> + Send + Sync>,
        permit_pool: Arc<Semaphore>,
        overrides: Arc<dyn StorageOverride<B>>,
        raw_max_memory_usage: usize,
    ) -> (impl Future<Output = ()>, DebugRequester) {
        let (tx, mut rx): (DebugRequester, _) =
            sc_utils::mpsc::tracing_unbounded("debug-requester", 100_000);

        let fut = async move {
            loop {
                match rx.next().await {
                    Some((
                        (RequesterInput::Transaction(transaction_hash), params),
                        response_tx,
                    )) => {
                        let client = client.clone();
                        let backend = backend.clone();
                        let frontier_backend = frontier_backend.clone();
                        let permit_pool = permit_pool.clone();
                        let overrides = overrides.clone();

                        tokio::task::spawn(async move {
                            let _ = response_tx.send(
                                async {
                                    let _permit = permit_pool.acquire().await;
                                    tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || {
                                        Self::handle_transaction_request(
                                            client.clone(),
                                            backend.clone(),
                                            frontier_backend.clone(),
                                            transaction_hash,
                                            params,
                                            overrides.clone(),
                                            raw_max_memory_usage,
                                        )
                                    })
                                    .await
                                    .map_err(|e| {
                                        internal_err(format!(
                                            "Internal error on spawned task : {:?}",
                                            e
                                        ))
                                    })?
                                }
                                .await,
                            );
                        });
                    }
                    Some((
                        (RequesterInput::Call((request_block_id, call_params)), params),
                        response_tx,
                    )) => {
                        let client = client.clone();
                        let frontier_backend = frontier_backend.clone();
                        let permit_pool = permit_pool.clone();

                        tokio::task::spawn(async move {
                            let _ = response_tx.send(
                                async {
                                    let _permit = permit_pool.acquire().await;
                                    tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || {
                                        Self::handle_call_request(
                                            client.clone(),
                                            frontier_backend.clone(),
                                            request_block_id,
                                            call_params,
                                            params,
                                            raw_max_memory_usage,
                                        )
                                    })
                                    .await
                                    .map_err(|e| {
                                        internal_err(format!(
                                            "Internal error on spawned task : {:?}",
                                            e
                                        ))
                                    })?
                                }
                                .await,
                            );
                        });
                    }
                    Some(((RequesterInput::Block(request_block_id), params), response_tx)) => {
                        let client = client.clone();
                        let backend = backend.clone();
                        let frontier_backend = frontier_backend.clone();
                        let permit_pool = permit_pool.clone();
                        let overrides = overrides.clone();

                        tokio::task::spawn(async move {
                            let _ = response_tx.send(
                                async {
                                    let _permit = permit_pool.acquire().await;

                                    tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || {
                                        Self::handle_block_request(
                                            client.clone(),
                                            backend.clone(),
                                            frontier_backend.clone(),
                                            request_block_id,
                                            params,
                                            overrides.clone(),
                                        )
                                    })
                                    .await
                                    .map_err(|e| {
                                        internal_err(format!(
                                            "Internal error on spawned task : {:?}",
                                            e
                                        ))
                                    })?
                                }
                                .await,
                            );
                        });
                    }
                    _ => {}
                }
            }
        };
        (fut, tx)
    }

    fn handle_params(
        params: Option<TraceParams>,
    ) -> RpcResult<(
        TracerInput,
        single::TraceType,
        Option<single::TraceCallConfig>,
    )> {
        // Set trace input and type
        match params {
            Some(TraceParams {
                tracer: Some(tracer),
                tracer_config,
                ..
            }) => {
                const BLOCKSCOUT_JS_CODE_HASH: [u8; 16] =
                    hex_literal::hex!("94d9f08796f91eb13a2e82a6066882f7");
                const BLOCKSCOUT_JS_CODE_HASH_V2: [u8; 16] =
                    hex_literal::hex!("89db13694675692951673a1e6e18ff02");
                let hash = sp_io::hashing::twox_128(&tracer.as_bytes());
                let tracer =
                    if hash == BLOCKSCOUT_JS_CODE_HASH || hash == BLOCKSCOUT_JS_CODE_HASH_V2 {
                        Some(TracerInput::Blockscout)
                    } else if tracer == "callTracer" {
                        Some(TracerInput::CallTracer)
                    } else {
                        None
                    };
                if let Some(tracer) = tracer {
                    Ok((tracer, single::TraceType::CallList, tracer_config))
                } else {
                    return Err(internal_err(format!(
                        "javascript based tracing is not available (hash :{:?})",
                        hash
                    )));
                }
            }
            Some(params) => Ok((
                TracerInput::None,
                single::TraceType::Raw {
                    disable_storage: params.disable_storage.unwrap_or(false),
                    disable_memory: params.disable_memory.unwrap_or(false),
                    disable_stack: params.disable_stack.unwrap_or(false),
                },
                params.tracer_config,
            )),
            _ => Ok((
                TracerInput::None,
                single::TraceType::Raw {
                    disable_storage: false,
                    disable_memory: false,
                    disable_stack: false,
                },
                None,
            )),
        }
    }

    fn handle_block_request(
        client: Arc<C>,
        backend: Arc<BE>,
        frontier_backend: Arc<dyn fc_api::Backend<B> + Send + Sync>,
        request_block_id: RequestBlockId,
        params: Option<TraceParams>,
        overrides: Arc<dyn StorageOverride<B>>,
    ) -> RpcResult<Response> {
        let (tracer_input, trace_type, tracer_config) = Self::handle_params(params)?;

        let reference_id: BlockId<B> = match request_block_id {
            RequestBlockId::Number(n) => Ok(BlockId::Number(n.unique_saturated_into())),
            RequestBlockId::Tag(RequestBlockTag::Latest) => {
                Ok(BlockId::Number(client.info().best_number))
            }
            RequestBlockId::Tag(RequestBlockTag::Finalized) => {
                Ok(BlockId::Hash(client.info().finalized_hash))
            }
            RequestBlockId::Tag(RequestBlockTag::Earliest) => {
                Ok(BlockId::Number(0u32.unique_saturated_into()))
            }
            RequestBlockId::Tag(RequestBlockTag::Pending) => {
                Err(internal_err("'pending' blocks are not supported"))
            }
            RequestBlockId::Hash(eth_hash) => {
                match futures::executor::block_on(frontier_backend_client::load_hash::<B, C>(
                    client.as_ref(),
                    frontier_backend.as_ref(),
                    eth_hash,
                )) {
                    Ok(Some(hash)) => Ok(BlockId::Hash(hash)),
                    Ok(_) => Err(internal_err("Block hash not found".to_string())),
                    Err(e) => Err(e),
                }
            }
        }?;

        // Get ApiRef. This handle allows to keep changes between txs in an internal buffer.
        let api = client.runtime_api();
        // Get Blockchain backend
        let blockchain = backend.blockchain();
        // Get the header I want to work with.
        let Ok(hash) = client.expect_block_hash_from_id(&reference_id) else {
            return Err(internal_err("Block header not found"));
        };
        let header = match client.header(hash) {
            Ok(Some(h)) => h,
            _ => return Err(internal_err("Block header not found")),
        };

        // Get parent blockid.
        let parent_block_hash = *header.parent_hash();

        let statuses = overrides
            .current_transaction_statuses(hash)
            .unwrap_or_default();

        // Partial ethereum transaction data to check if a trace match an ethereum transaction
        struct EthTxPartial {
            transaction_hash: H256,
            from: H160,
            to: Option<H160>,
        }

        // Known ethereum transaction hashes.
        let eth_transactions_by_index: BTreeMap<u32, EthTxPartial> = statuses
            .iter()
            .map(|status| {
                (
                    status.transaction_index,
                    EthTxPartial {
                        transaction_hash: status.transaction_hash,
                        from: status.from,
                        to: status.to,
                    },
                )
            })
            .collect();

        let eth_tx_hashes: Vec<_> = eth_transactions_by_index
            .values()
            .map(|tx| tx.transaction_hash)
            .collect();

        // If there are no ethereum transactions in the block return empty trace right away.
        if eth_tx_hashes.is_empty() {
            return Ok(Response::Block(vec![]));
        }

        // Get block extrinsics.
        let exts = blockchain
            .body(hash)
            .map_err(|e| internal_err(format!("Fail to read blockchain db: {:?}", e)))?
            .unwrap_or_default();

        // Get DebugRuntimeApi version
        let trace_api_version = if let Ok(Some(api_version)) =
            api.api_version::<dyn DebugRuntimeApi<B>>(parent_block_hash)
        {
            api_version
        } else {
            return Err(internal_err(
                "Runtime api version call failed (trace)".to_string(),
            ));
        };

        // Trace the block.
        let f = || -> RpcResult<_> {
            let result = if trace_api_version >= 5 {
                // The block is initialized inside "trace_block"
                api.trace_block(parent_block_hash, exts, eth_tx_hashes, &header)
            } else {
                // Get core runtime api version
                let core_api_version = if let Ok(Some(api_version)) =
                    api.api_version::<dyn Core<B>>(parent_block_hash)
                {
                    api_version
                } else {
                    return Err(internal_err(
                        "Runtime api version call failed (core)".to_string(),
                    ));
                };

                // Initialize block: calls the "on_initialize" hook on every pallet
                // in AllPalletsWithSystem
                // This was fine before pallet-message-queue because the XCM messages
                // were processed by the "setValidationData" inherent call and not on an
                // "on_initialize" hook, which runs before enabling XCM tracing
                if core_api_version >= 5 {
                    api.initialize_block(parent_block_hash, &header)
                        .map_err(|e| internal_err(format!("Runtime api access error: {:?}", e)))?;
                } else {
                    #[allow(deprecated)]
                    api.initialize_block_before_version_5(parent_block_hash, &header)
                        .map_err(|e| internal_err(format!("Runtime api access error: {:?}", e)))?;
                }

                #[allow(deprecated)]
                api.trace_block_before_version_5(parent_block_hash, exts, eth_tx_hashes)
            };

            result
                .map_err(|e| {
                    internal_err(format!(
                        "Blockchain error when replaying block {} : {:?}",
                        reference_id, e
                    ))
                })?
                .map_err(|e| {
                    internal_err(format!(
                        "Internal runtime error when replaying block {} : {:?}",
                        reference_id, e
                    ))
                })?;

            Ok(moonbeam_rpc_primitives_debug::Response::Block)
        };

        // Offset to account for old buggy transactions that are in trace not in the ethereum block
        let mut tx_position_offset = 0;

        return match trace_type {
            single::TraceType::CallList => {
                let mut proxy = moonbeam_client_evm_tracing::listeners::CallList::default();
                proxy.with_log = tracer_config.map_or(false, |cfg| cfg.with_log);
                proxy.using(f)?;
                proxy.finish_transaction();
                let response = match tracer_input {
                    TracerInput::CallTracer => {
                        let result =
                            moonbeam_client_evm_tracing::formatters::CallTracer::format(proxy)
                                .ok_or("Trace result is empty.")
                                .map_err(|e| internal_err(format!("{:?}", e)))?
                                .into_iter()
                                .filter_map(|mut trace: BlockTransactionTrace| {
                                    if let Some(EthTxPartial {
                                        transaction_hash,
                                        from,
                                        to,
                                    }) = eth_transactions_by_index
                                        .get(&(trace.tx_position - tx_position_offset))
                                    {
                                        // verify that the trace matches the ethereum transaction
                                        let (trace_from, trace_to) = match trace.result {
                                            TransactionTrace::Raw { .. } => {
                                                (Default::default(), None)
                                            }
                                            TransactionTrace::CallList(_) => {
                                                (Default::default(), None)
                                            }
                                            TransactionTrace::CallListNested(ref call) => {
                                                match call {
                                                    single::Call::Blockscout(_) => {
                                                        (Default::default(), None)
                                                    }
                                                    single::Call::CallTracer(call) => (
                                                        call.from,
                                                        match call.inner {
                                                            CallTracerInner::Call {
                                                                to, ..
                                                            } => Some(to),
                                                            CallTracerInner::Create { .. } => None,
                                                            CallTracerInner::SelfDestruct {
                                                                ..
                                                            } => None,
                                                        },
                                                    ),
                                                }
                                            }
                                        };
                                        if trace_from == *from && trace_to == *to {
                                            trace.tx_hash = *transaction_hash;
                                            Some(trace)
                                        } else {
                                            // if the trace does not match the ethereum transaction
                                            // it means that the trace is about a buggy transaction that is not in the block
                                            // we need to offset the tx_position
                                            tx_position_offset += 1;
                                            None
                                        }
                                    } else {
                                        // If the transaction is not in the ethereum block
                                        // it should not appear in the block trace
                                        tx_position_offset += 1;
                                        None
                                    }
                                })
                                .collect::<Vec<BlockTransactionTrace>>();

                        let n_txs = eth_transactions_by_index.len();
                        let n_traces = result.len();
                        if n_txs != n_traces {
                            log::warn!(
								"The traces in block {:?} don't match with the number of ethereum transactions. (txs: {}, traces: {})",
								request_block_id,
								n_txs,
								n_traces
							);
                        }

                        Ok(result)
                    }
                    _ => Err(internal_err(
                        "Bug: failed to resolve the tracer format.".to_string(),
                    )),
                }?;

                Ok(Response::Block(response))
            }
            _ => Err(internal_err(
                "debug_traceBlock functions currently only support callList mode (enabled
				by providing `{{'tracer': 'callTracer'}}` in the request)."
                    .to_string(),
            )),
        };
    }

    /// Replays a transaction in the Runtime at a given block height.
    ///
    /// In order to successfully reproduce the result of the original transaction we need a correct
    /// state to replay over.
    ///
    /// Substrate allows to apply extrinsics in the Runtime and thus creating an overlaid state.
    /// These overlaid changes will live in-memory for the lifetime of the ApiRef.
    fn handle_transaction_request(
        client: Arc<C>,
        backend: Arc<BE>,
        frontier_backend: Arc<dyn fc_api::Backend<B> + Send + Sync>,
        transaction_hash: H256,
        params: Option<TraceParams>,
        overrides: Arc<dyn StorageOverride<B>>,
        raw_max_memory_usage: usize,
    ) -> RpcResult<Response> {
        let (tracer_input, trace_type, tracer_config) = Self::handle_params(params)?;

        let (hash, index) =
            match futures::executor::block_on(frontier_backend_client::load_transactions::<B, C>(
                client.as_ref(),
                frontier_backend.as_ref(),
                transaction_hash,
                false,
            )) {
                Ok(Some((hash, index))) => (hash, index as usize),
                Ok(None) => return Err(internal_err("Transaction hash not found".to_string())),
                Err(e) => return Err(e),
            };

        let reference_id =
            match futures::executor::block_on(frontier_backend_client::load_hash::<B, C>(
                client.as_ref(),
                frontier_backend.as_ref(),
                hash,
            )) {
                Ok(Some(hash)) => BlockId::Hash(hash),
                Ok(_) => return Err(internal_err("Block hash not found".to_string())),
                Err(e) => return Err(e),
            };
        // Get ApiRef. This handle allow to keep changes between txs in an internal buffer.
        let api = client.runtime_api();
        // Get Blockchain backend
        let blockchain = backend.blockchain();
        // Get the header I want to work with.
        let Ok(reference_hash) = client.expect_block_hash_from_id(&reference_id) else {
            return Err(internal_err("Block header not found"));
        };
        let header = match client.header(reference_hash) {
            Ok(Some(h)) => h,
            _ => return Err(internal_err("Block header not found")),
        };
        // Get parent blockid.
        let parent_block_hash = *header.parent_hash();

        // Get block extrinsics.
        let exts = blockchain
            .body(reference_hash)
            .map_err(|e| internal_err(format!("Fail to read blockchain db: {:?}", e)))?
            .unwrap_or_default();

        // Get DebugRuntimeApi version
        let trace_api_version = if let Ok(Some(api_version)) =
            api.api_version::<dyn DebugRuntimeApi<B>>(parent_block_hash)
        {
            api_version
        } else {
            return Err(internal_err(
                "Runtime api version call failed (trace)".to_string(),
            ));
        };

        let reference_block = overrides.current_block(reference_hash);

        // Get the actual ethereum transaction.
        if let Some(block) = reference_block {
            let transactions = block.transactions;
            if let Some(transaction) = transactions.get(index) {
                let f = || -> RpcResult<_> {
                    let result = if trace_api_version >= 7 {
                        // The block is initialized inside "trace_transaction"
                        api.trace_transaction(parent_block_hash, exts, &transaction, &header)
                    } else if trace_api_version == 5 || trace_api_version == 6 {
                        // API version 5 and 6 expect TransactionV2, so we need to convert from TransactionV3
                        let tx_v2 = match transaction {
                            ethereum::TransactionV3::Legacy(tx) => {
                                ethereum::TransactionV2::Legacy(tx.clone())
                            }
                            ethereum::TransactionV3::EIP2930(tx) => {
                                ethereum::TransactionV2::EIP2930(tx.clone())
                            }
                            ethereum::TransactionV3::EIP1559(tx) => {
                                ethereum::TransactionV2::EIP1559(tx.clone())
                            }
                            ethereum::TransactionV3::EIP7702(_) => {
                                return Err(internal_err(
                                    "EIP-7702 transactions are not supported".to_string(),
                                ))
                            }
                        };

                        // The block is initialized inside "trace_transaction"
                        #[allow(deprecated)]
                        api.trace_transaction_before_version_7(
                            parent_block_hash,
                            exts,
                            &tx_v2,
                            &header,
                        )
                    } else {
                        // Get core runtime api version
                        let core_api_version = if let Ok(Some(api_version)) =
                            api.api_version::<dyn Core<B>>(parent_block_hash)
                        {
                            api_version
                        } else {
                            return Err(internal_err(
                                "Runtime api version call failed (core)".to_string(),
                            ));
                        };

                        // Initialize block: calls the "on_initialize" hook on every pallet
                        // in AllPalletsWithSystem
                        // This was fine before pallet-message-queue because the XCM messages
                        // were processed by the "setValidationData" inherent call and not on an
                        // "on_initialize" hook, which runs before enabling XCM tracing
                        if core_api_version >= 5 {
                            api.initialize_block(parent_block_hash, &header)
                                .map_err(|e| {
                                    internal_err(format!("Runtime api access error: {:?}", e))
                                })?;
                        } else {
                            #[allow(deprecated)]
                            api.initialize_block_before_version_5(parent_block_hash, &header)
                                .map_err(|e| {
                                    internal_err(format!("Runtime api access error: {:?}", e))
                                })?;
                        }

                        if trace_api_version == 4 {
                            // API version 4 expect TransactionV2, so we need to convert from TransactionV3
                            let tx_v2 = match transaction {
                                ethereum::TransactionV3::Legacy(tx) => {
                                    ethereum::TransactionV2::Legacy(tx.clone())
                                }
                                ethereum::TransactionV3::EIP2930(tx) => {
                                    ethereum::TransactionV2::EIP2930(tx.clone())
                                }
                                ethereum::TransactionV3::EIP1559(tx) => {
                                    ethereum::TransactionV2::EIP1559(tx.clone())
                                }
                                ethereum::TransactionV3::EIP7702(_) => {
                                    return Err(internal_err(
                                        "EIP-7702 transactions are not supported".to_string(),
                                    ))
                                }
                            };

                            // Pre pallet-message-queue
                            #[allow(deprecated)]
                            api.trace_transaction_before_version_5(parent_block_hash, exts, &tx_v2)
                        } else {
                            // Pre-london update, legacy transactions.
                            match transaction {
                                ethereum::TransactionV3::Legacy(tx) =>
                                {
                                    #[allow(deprecated)]
                                    api.trace_transaction_before_version_4(
                                        parent_block_hash,
                                        exts,
                                        &tx,
                                    )
                                }
                                _ => {
                                    return Err(internal_err(
                                        "Bug: pre-london runtime expects legacy transactions"
                                            .to_string(),
                                    ))
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    };

                    result
                        .map_err(|e| {
                            internal_err(format!(
                                "Runtime api access error (version {:?}): {:?}",
                                trace_api_version, e
                            ))
                        })?
                        .map_err(|e| internal_err(format!("DispatchError: {:?}", e)))?;

                    Ok(moonbeam_rpc_primitives_debug::Response::Single)
                };

                return match trace_type {
                    single::TraceType::Raw {
                        disable_storage,
                        disable_memory,
                        disable_stack,
                    } => {
                        let mut proxy = moonbeam_client_evm_tracing::listeners::Raw::new(
                            disable_storage,
                            disable_memory,
                            disable_stack,
                            raw_max_memory_usage,
                        );
                        proxy.using(f)?;
                        Ok(Response::Single(
                            moonbeam_client_evm_tracing::formatters::Raw::format(proxy).ok_or(
                                internal_err(
                                    "replayed transaction generated too much data. \
								try disabling memory or storage?",
                                ),
                            )?,
                        ))
                    }
                    single::TraceType::CallList => {
                        let mut proxy = moonbeam_client_evm_tracing::listeners::CallList::default();
                        proxy.with_log = tracer_config.map_or(false, |cfg| cfg.with_log);
                        proxy.using(f)?;
                        proxy.finish_transaction();
                        let response = match tracer_input {
                            TracerInput::Blockscout => {
                                moonbeam_client_evm_tracing::formatters::Blockscout::format(proxy)
                                    .ok_or("Trace result is empty.")
                                    .map_err(|e| internal_err(format!("{:?}", e)))
                            }
                            TracerInput::CallTracer => {
                                let mut res =
                                    moonbeam_client_evm_tracing::formatters::CallTracer::format(
                                        proxy,
                                    )
                                    .ok_or("Trace result is empty.")
                                    .map_err(|e| internal_err(format!("{:?}", e)))?;
                                Ok(res.pop().expect("Trace result is empty.").result)
                            }
                            _ => Err(internal_err(
                                "Bug: failed to resolve the tracer format.".to_string(),
                            )),
                        }?;
                        Ok(Response::Single(response))
                    }
                    not_supported => Err(internal_err(format!(
                        "Bug: `handle_transaction_request` does not support {:?}.",
                        not_supported
                    ))),
                };
            }
        }
        Err(internal_err("Runtime block call failed".to_string()))
    }

    fn handle_call_request(
        client: Arc<C>,
        frontier_backend: Arc<dyn fc_api::Backend<B> + Send + Sync>,
        request_block_id: RequestBlockId,
        call_params: TraceCallParams,
        trace_params: Option<TraceParams>,
        raw_max_memory_usage: usize,
    ) -> RpcResult<Response> {
        let (tracer_input, trace_type, tracer_config) = Self::handle_params(trace_params)?;

        let reference_id: BlockId<B> = match request_block_id {
            RequestBlockId::Number(n) => Ok(BlockId::Number(n.unique_saturated_into())),
            RequestBlockId::Tag(RequestBlockTag::Latest) => {
                Ok(BlockId::Number(client.info().best_number))
            }
            RequestBlockId::Tag(RequestBlockTag::Finalized) => {
                Ok(BlockId::Hash(client.info().finalized_hash))
            }
            RequestBlockId::Tag(RequestBlockTag::Earliest) => {
                Ok(BlockId::Number(0u32.unique_saturated_into()))
            }
            RequestBlockId::Tag(RequestBlockTag::Pending) => {
                Err(internal_err("'pending' blocks are not supported"))
            }
            RequestBlockId::Hash(eth_hash) => {
                match futures::executor::block_on(frontier_backend_client::load_hash::<B, C>(
                    client.as_ref(),
                    frontier_backend.as_ref(),
                    eth_hash,
                )) {
                    Ok(Some(hash)) => Ok(BlockId::Hash(hash)),
                    Ok(_) => Err(internal_err("Block hash not found".to_string())),
                    Err(e) => Err(e),
                }
            }
        }?;

        // Get ApiRef. This handle allow to keep changes between txs in an internal buffer.
        let api = client.runtime_api();
        // Get the header I want to work with.
        let Ok(hash) = client.expect_block_hash_from_id(&reference_id) else {
            return Err(internal_err("Block header not found"));
        };
        let header = match client.header(hash) {
            Ok(Some(h)) => h,
            _ => return Err(internal_err("Block header not found")),
        };
        // Get parent blockid.
        let parent_block_hash = *header.parent_hash();

        // Get DebugRuntimeApi version
        let trace_api_version = if let Ok(Some(api_version)) =
            api.api_version::<dyn DebugRuntimeApi<B>>(parent_block_hash)
        {
            api_version
        } else {
            return Err(internal_err(
                "Runtime api version call failed (trace)".to_string(),
            ));
        };

        if trace_api_version <= 5 {
            return Err(internal_err(
                "debug_traceCall not supported with old runtimes".to_string(),
            ));
        }

        let TraceCallParams {
            from,
            to,
            gas_price,
            max_fee_per_gas,
            max_priority_fee_per_gas,
            gas,
            value,
            data,
            nonce,
            access_list,
            authorization_list,
            ..
        } = call_params;

        let (max_fee_per_gas, max_priority_fee_per_gas) =
            match (gas_price, max_fee_per_gas, max_priority_fee_per_gas) {
                (gas_price, None, None) => {
                    // Legacy request, all default to gas price.
                    // A zero-set gas price is None.
                    let gas_price = if gas_price.unwrap_or_default().is_zero() {
                        None
                    } else {
                        gas_price
                    };
                    (gas_price, gas_price)
                }
                (_, max_fee, max_priority) => {
                    // eip-1559
                    // A zero-set max fee is None.
                    let max_fee = if max_fee.unwrap_or_default().is_zero() {
                        None
                    } else {
                        max_fee
                    };
                    // Ensure `max_priority_fee_per_gas` is less or equal to `max_fee_per_gas`.
                    if let Some(max_priority) = max_priority {
                        let max_fee = max_fee.unwrap_or_default();
                        if max_priority > max_fee {
                            return Err(internal_err(
							"Invalid input: `max_priority_fee_per_gas` greater than `max_fee_per_gas`",
						));
                        }
                    }
                    (max_fee, max_priority)
                }
            };

        let gas_limit = match gas {
            Some(amount) => amount,
            None => {
                if let Some(block) = api
                    .current_block(parent_block_hash)
                    .map_err(|err| internal_err(format!("runtime error: {:?}", err)))?
                {
                    block.header.gas_limit
                } else {
                    return Err(internal_err(
                        "block unavailable, cannot query gas limit".to_string(),
                    ));
                }
            }
        };
        let data = data.map(|d| d.0).unwrap_or_default();

        let access_list = access_list.unwrap_or_default();

        let f = || -> RpcResult<_> {
            let _result = api
                .trace_call(
                    parent_block_hash,
                    &header,
                    from.unwrap_or_default(),
                    to,
                    data,
                    value.unwrap_or_default(),
                    gas_limit,
                    max_fee_per_gas,
                    max_priority_fee_per_gas,
                    nonce,
                    Some(
                        access_list
                            .into_iter()
                            .map(|item| (item.address, item.storage_keys))
                            .collect(),
                    ),
                    authorization_list,
                )
                .map_err(|e| internal_err(format!("Runtime api access error: {:?}", e)))?
                .map_err(|e| internal_err(format!("DispatchError: {:?}", e)))?;

            Ok(moonbeam_rpc_primitives_debug::Response::Single)
        };

        return match trace_type {
            single::TraceType::Raw {
                disable_storage,
                disable_memory,
                disable_stack,
            } => {
                let mut proxy = moonbeam_client_evm_tracing::listeners::Raw::new(
                    disable_storage,
                    disable_memory,
                    disable_stack,
                    raw_max_memory_usage,
                );
                proxy.using(f)?;
                Ok(Response::Single(
                    moonbeam_client_evm_tracing::formatters::Raw::format(proxy).ok_or(
                        internal_err(
                            "replayed transaction generated too much data. \
						try disabling memory or storage?",
                        ),
                    )?,
                ))
            }
            single::TraceType::CallList => {
                let mut proxy = moonbeam_client_evm_tracing::listeners::CallList::default();
                proxy.with_log = tracer_config.map_or(false, |cfg| cfg.with_log);
                proxy.using(f)?;
                proxy.finish_transaction();
                let response = match tracer_input {
                    TracerInput::Blockscout => {
                        moonbeam_client_evm_tracing::formatters::Blockscout::format(proxy)
                            .ok_or("Trace result is empty.")
                            .map_err(|e| internal_err(format!("{:?}", e)))
                    }
                    TracerInput::CallTracer => {
                        let mut res =
                            moonbeam_client_evm_tracing::formatters::CallTracer::format(proxy)
                                .ok_or("Trace result is empty.")
                                .map_err(|e| internal_err(format!("{:?}", e)))?;
                        Ok(res.pop().expect("Trace result is empty.").result)
                    }
                    _ => Err(internal_err(
                        "Bug: failed to resolve the tracer format.".to_string(),
                    )),
                }?;
                Ok(Response::Single(response))
            }
            not_supported => Err(internal_err(format!(
                "Bug: `handle_call_request` does not support {:?}.",
                not_supported
            ))),
        };
    }
}